Aprendizaje adaptativo en la inclusión a la Educación Física de estudiantes con multidiscapacidad
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El estudio aborda el diseño de estrategias de aprendizaje adaptativo para la inclusión de estudiantes con multidiscapacidad en la Educación Física (EF), considerando sus necesidades específicas y las teorías fundamentales de la inclusión. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo preexperimental, aplicativo y de campo, con una muestra de 27 estudiantes de segundo año de Bachillerato General Unificado de un colegio del cantón Chambo, provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador, incluyendo un estudiante con un diagnóstico específico de multidiscapacidad al 42% (16% de discapacidad física “Hemiplejia espástica” y un 28% de discapacidad intelectual “Retraso mental con un leve deterioro del comportamiento”). La intervención se centró en adaptaciones curriculares, metodológicas y de entorno, para mejorar la accesibilidad y la participación en la clase de EF. Se aplicó una "Escala de inclusión a la Educación Física" validada teórico y estadísticamente para evaluar el progreso por subescalas en base a la inclusión hacia el área académica cognitiva, social, emocional, física y la evaluación docente por parte de los estudiantes sobre sus aplicaciones inclusivas. Los resultados cuantitativos mostraron mejoras significativas en todas las subescalas de inclusión después de la intervención, con diferencias significativas entre los periodos de estudio en un nivel de P≤0,05, determinado con la aplicación de la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon. Las conclusiones del estudio resaltan la importancia de adaptar la EF para estudiantes con multidiscapacidad, facilitando no solo su inclusión sino también su desarrollo integral y social. El aprendizaje adaptativo demostró ser una estrategia crucial para abordar las barreras físicas y cognitivas, promoviendo un entorno educativo inclusivo y respetuoso de la diversidad.
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Luis Orlando Pilamunga-Cayambe , Universidad Bolivariana del Ecuador - Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1775-939X
Docente de Educación Física con amplia experiencia en el área, maestrante del Programa de Maestría en Pedagogía de la Cultura Física con mención en Educación Física Inclusiva.
Jorge Raul Soria-Ramos , Universidad Bolivariana del Ecuador - Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1003-5345
Docente de Educación Física con amplia experiencia en el área, maestrante del Programa de Maestría en Pedagogía de la Cultura Física con mención en Educación Física Inclusiva.
Lenin Esteban Loaiza-Dávila , Universidad Bolivariana del Ecuador - Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5769-2795
Dr. PhD. En Ciencias de la Educación Física, Docente investigador de la Universidad Bolivariana del Ecuador, autor y coautor de artículos científicos y director de proyectos de investigación en Educación y Deporte.
Giceya de la Caridad Maqueira-Caraballo , Universidad Bolivariana del Ecuador - Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6282-3027
PHD. En innovaciones científicas y didácticas de la Educación Física escolar, Coordinadora de la Maestría en Pedagogía de la Cultura Física, Mención en Educación Física Inclusiva.
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