Methodological strategy based on agricultural projects for the teaching and learning of the “short-cycle crops” module in the technical high school, Ecuador

Abstract

This study focuses on the implementation of agroecological methods for sustainable pest management in short-cycle crops in the Loja region. Through pest identification, collection, and monitoring, biological, cultural, and mechanical techniques were applied for effective ecological control. Biological methods included the introduction of natural predators, while cultural practices focused on crop rotation and the use of resistant varieties. Mechanical methods, such as sticky traps and manual harvesting, complemented the management strategies. The results show a significant reduction in the use of chemical pesticides, favoring biodiversity and soil health. In addition, an increase in production efficiency and crop quality was observed, thanks to a more balanced and healthier agricultural environment. When comparing these results with previous studies, it is concluded that sustainable management reduces the dependence on agrochemicals and promotes responsible agricultural practices that are viable both economically and ecologically. This project not only fosters practical education in agroecological techniques among students, but also encourages the adoption of sustainable practices in the farming community, strengthening local knowledge and practical skills. In the long term, it aims to create a positive impact on the local economy by reducing production costs, improving food security and promoting a more sustainable agricultural model that can be replicated in other similar regions.