Competences of Higher Education in Ecuador

Abstract

The study on competences in Higher Education in Ecuador highlights both significant progress and challenges in skills formation. Generic skills, such as critical thinking, effective communication and teamwork, are widely valued, but their development varies between institutions. Some universities have adopted innovative methodologies, such as project-based learning, while others still use traditional methods, affecting educational equity and quality. In terms of specific skills, technical and technological universities are better aligned with the needs of the labour market, integrating professional practices and emerging technologies. In contrast, traditional universities, especially in social sciences and humanities, face challenges in updating their curricula and offering practical experiences, highlighting the need for reforms to better prepare graduates for the labour market. Teaching and assessment methodologies also present challenges. Although active methodologies such as problem-based learning are effective, their implementation is not uniform, and many institutions continue to use traditional methods that limit the practical application of knowledge. Assessments focused on theoretical knowledge do not adequately capture practical and transversal skills. Education policies have established important guidelines, but their implementation faces problems such as lack of resources and administrative rigidity. The gap between theory and practice, the rapid technological evolution and the need for collaboration with the productive sector require continuous attention to improve higher education in Ecuador.