Metodologías para la evaluación de sostenibilidad en cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias: una revisión sistemática y propuesta de modelo teórico integrado

Contenido principal del artículo

Brenda Carolina Torres-Guato
Luis Alberto Morales-Perrazo
Freddy Roberto Lema-Chicaiza
Lorena Catalina Sigüenza-Guzmán
Edith Elena Tubón-Núñez

Resumen

El sector agroalimentario aporta hasta el 40 % del empleo y más de un tercio del PIB en países como México y España; sin embargo, sus impactos ambientales podrían aumentar entre un 50% y 90% hacia 2050. Ante esta proyección, este estudio realizó una revisión sistemática PRISMA-PIO que sintetiza 59 estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en Springer Link, Scopus y Science Direct, con el objetivo de construir un modelo teórico que articule eslabones, dimensiones y metodologías de sostenibilidad en cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias. Los resultados evidencian que los eslabones de producción, procesamiento y distribución concentran la mayor atención en la literatura. La dimensión de sostenibilidad más abordada corresponde al Triple Bottom Line (TBL: ambiental, económica y social). Metodológicamente, el ACV, LCC y S-LCA son las principales metodologías para cada dimensión, complementadas por otras metodologías integradoras como SAFA/RISE/IDEA. Las tecnologías emergentes identificadas incluyen Big-Data, IoT, Blockchain y gemelos digitales para cerrar brechas de datos y trazabilidad. El modelo teórico propuesto integra estos componentes y supera el abordaje fragmentado de investigaciones previas mediante la articulación sistemática de elementos que tradicionalmente se estudian de manera aislada, proporcionando un marco holístico y adaptable que permite a las organizaciones diseñar estrategias de sostenibilidad alineadas con sus objetivos específicos.

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Torres-Guato, B., Morales-Perrazo, L., Lema-Chicaiza, F., Sigüenza-Guzmán, L., & Tubón-Núñez , E. (2025). Metodologías para la evaluación de sostenibilidad en cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias: una revisión sistemática y propuesta de modelo teórico integrado. 593 Digital Publisher CEIT, 10(6), 203-220. https://doi.org/10.33386/593dp.2025.6.3601
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Artículos de revisión
Biografía del autor/a

Brenda Carolina Torres-Guato, Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Ecuador

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https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1784-3372

Estudiante de la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Actualmente me encuentro en la etapa final de mi formación universitaria y desarrollo mi primera investigación sobre la sostenibilidad y la cadena de suministro agroalimentaria.

Luis Alberto Morales-Perrazo, Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Ecuador

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-262X

Ingeniero Mecánico especializado en Seguridad Industrial, Higiene Ocupacional, Gestión Ambiental y Control de Calidad; docente de la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, con experiencia de 15 años y también desempeñando funciones de investigación y vinculación con la comunidad.

Freddy Roberto Lema-Chicaiza, Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Ecuador

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0000-0001-5987-8975

Docente Investigador Auxiliar 2 de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Profesional en Ingeniería Química, Tecnología Química, con maestría en Magister Scientiae en ingeniería Química, Actualmente coordinador del proyecto AGRO 5.0 en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, pertenezco a grupo de investigación Research in Engineering and Advanced Sustainable Operations, Nature, and Society (REASONS) de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato

Lorena Catalina Sigüenza-Guzmán, Universidad de Cuenca - Ecuador

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0000-0003-1367-5288

Lorena Sigüenza Guzmán es Ingeniera en Sistemas por la Universidad de Cuenca, Máster en Telemática por la Universidad del Azuay y Doctora en Ciencias de la Ingeniería por la KU Leuven (Bélgica). Actualmente se desempeña como Decana de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Cuenca, donde también es docente e investigadora. Su línea de investigación se centra en la sostenibilidad, la resiliencia y la transformación digital en las cadenas de suministro agroalimentarias, en el marco de proyectos internacionales. Ha liderado iniciativas de innovación académica, cooperación internacional y formación en competencias para la ingeniería del futuro, con un fuerte compromiso hacia la sostenibilidad y la educación superior de calidad.

Edith Elena Tubón-Núñez , Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Ecuador

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8094-6207

Edith Tubón Núñez es docente Investigadora de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Profesional en Ingeniería en Alimentos, con maestría en Docencia en Matemática y en Gestión Empresarial basado en Métodos Cuantitativos. Cuento con una especialización en Estadística Aplicada a la Investigación y Análisis de Datos. Actualmente pertenezco al proyecto AGRO 5.0 en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato.

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