Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women as a Determining Factor in newborn weight
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Abstract
This research analyzes the influence of maternal hemoglobin levels (7.0–11.0 g/dL) on the birth weight of full-term newborns in a sample of 450 pregnant women aged 13 to 41 years. The study was conducted under a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, descriptive, and correlational design. The objective was to evaluate hemoglobin levels (7.0–11.0 g/dL) in pregnant women aged 13 to 41 years and their influence on neonatal birth weight, using statistical analyses based on 450 women attended between November 2024 and March 2025 in the city of Machala. For the statistical analysis, ANOVA, chi-square, and Tukey tests were applied, revealing significant differences between groups. The results indicated that mothers with low hemoglobin (7.0–8.9 g/dL) had newborns with significantly lower average weights compared to the moderate (9.0–10.4 g/dL) and high (10.5–11.0 g/dL) hemoglobin groups, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). It is concluded that maternal hemoglobin levels directly influence fetal development and are a determining factor in neonatal birth weight. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of timely prenatal care and early detection of gestational anemia as key strategies to improve perinatal outcomes. This research contributes to local clinical knowledge and reinforces the need for preventive interventions at the primary level of maternal and child health care.
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Brynner Joan Pabon-Montoya, Investigador Independiente - Ecuador
0009-0000-7139-8341
I am Brynner Joan Pabón Montoya, and in my professional career, I have worked as a university and international baccalaureate teacher with a solid track record in higher and secondary education. I possess profound knowledge in scientific research, qualitative and quantitative methodology, as well as in writing and evaluating academic articles. I have served as a tutor for monographs, an external evaluator, and a reviewer for indexed scientific journals. I have participated as a speaker in multiple international congresses and have recognized publications, including a book. Additionally, I have led academic and curricular management processes, excelling in the area of natural sciences and in coordinating community engagement programs. My comprehensive experience positions me as an academic committed to excellence, critical student training, and educational innovation.
María Fernanda Córdova-Chávez, Psicóloga Independiente - Ecuador
I am María Fernanda Córdova Chávez, with more than 10 years of professional experience. I began my work journey at a very young age, at 17, working as a teacher while simultaneously pursuing two university degrees, which allowed me to develop great discipline, commitment, and passion for learning. During my youth, I managed to have up to three jobs simultaneously, including stable positions and others under service provision, which enriched my human, pedagogical, and professional vision.
Jorge Isaac García-Reyes, Universidad Central de Florida - Estados Unidos
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0468-6193
Student of the Biomedical Sciences B.S. program at the University of Central Florida. Graduate of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme and the National Bachelor of Science from the Bilingual Private School Principito y Marceliano de Wind (Ecuador). I have participated in Model United Nations, journalism and general knowledge contests, as well as interscholastic, provincial, and national chess championships, strengthening my logical thinking and analytical skills. I hold international English certifications (FCE, TOEFL iBT, and Duolingo) and have knowledge of digital tools such as Illustrator, Photoshop, and InDesign. I am interested in biomedical research, human rights, and collaborative work.
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