Analysis of the Ecuador-Peru trade exchange and its impact on the trade balance period 2018-2023
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The analysis of the trade exchange between Ecuador and Peru and its impact on the trade balance during the period 2018-2023 reveals a significant evolution in bilateral trade, influenced by various economic and political factors. Ecuador and Peru have experienced growth in their exports and imports, benefiting from trade agreements and greater regional integration. Ecuador has diversified its export basket, reducing its dependence on primary products such as bananas, cocoa and shrimp, while Peru has increased its exports of agricultural products, textiles and minerals, increasing its competitiveness in the Ecuadorian market.
The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between both countries has been crucial in reducing tariff barriers and facilitating trade, allowing a freer flow of goods and services. In addition, improvements in infrastructure and logistics have optimized transportation costs and times, promoting more efficient trade. The methods used within the research process are inductive, which allows the facts to be observed and subsequently recorded, and the historical method was also used to examine past events in order to find explanations.
Global and regional economic fluctuations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the US-China trade war, and political instability, have affected trade flows, highlighting the need to diversify economies and strengthen economic resilience. In response, Ecuador has implemented measures to promote non-traditional exports and improve logistics infrastructure, although structural challenges remain.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. Derechos de autor
Las obras que se publican en 593 Digital Publisher CEIT están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1.1. 593 Digital Publisher CEIT, conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia Licencia Creative Commons 4.0 de Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0, por lo cual se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que:
1.1.a. Se cite la autoría y fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial, URL).
1.1.b. No se usen para fines comerciales u onerosos.
1.1.c. Se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
Yoffre Danilo Bravo-Armijos, Universidad Técnica de Machala - Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7758-4442
My name is Yoffre Danilo Bravo Armijos. I was born on August 31, 2002, in Balsas, Ecuador. I completed my primary education at the "Unidad Educativa San Francisco de Asís" (San Francisco de Asís Educational Unit). Later, I attended secondary school at the "Colegio de Bachillerato Técnico Vicente Anda Aguirre" (Vicente Anda Aguirre Technical High School), where I obtained a High School Diploma in Sciences under the Unified General Baccalaureate program. Currently, I am in the final semester of my Foreign Trade degree at the Technical University of Machala.
Yamileth Carolina Lucas-Fallain, Universidad Técnica de Machala - Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0499-9873
Yamileth Carolina Lucas Fallain, born on May 28, 1999, is a student of Foreign Trade at the Technical University of Machala, currently in her eighth semester. She graduated from "Simón Bolívar" High School in 2017 with a specialty in Technical Services and Information Applications. She has participated in several training programs, including the III International Marketing Congress and workshops on professional skills and job preparation.
Dany Humberto Barreno-Pereira, Universidad Técnica de Machala - Ecuador
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0702-3577
Professor at the Technical University of Machala, Commercial Engineer, specializing in Foreign Trade, with expertise in designing research projects. Experienced in the fields of social and humanistic sciences, and a participant in the Gri-Studies research project, which aims to determine corporate social responsibility and sustainable development in public and private universities in the country. Currently teaching courses in international market research, strategic management, international logistics and transportation, and thesis design. A responsible professional with a high degree of commitment, focused on imparting knowledge with quality and warmth.
References
Alvarado, M., & Ullauri, N. (2020). Impacto de exportaciones primarias en el crecimiento económico del Ecuador: análisis econométrico desde Cobb Douglas, período 2000-2017. INNOVA Research Journal, 5(1), 206-2017
Akhiyar, D., Sari, V., & Muhammad, A. (2019). Analysis and Development of Marketing for the Creative Industry of West Sumatra Based on E-Commerce with the Concept of Customer Relationship Management (Crm). Jurnal KomtekInfo, 6(2), 144–154.
Banco Mundial (2020). Global economic prospects: June 2020, Washington, D.C.
Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE). (2023). Evolución de la Balanza Comercial por Productos. Enero – Diciembre 2022. BCE. https://bit. ly/3WUUdOj
BID. (2016). ¿Qué son los acuerdos comerciales y cuál es su importancia? Nuevas tendencias en los tratados comerciales en América Latina, 10-15.
CAN. (2022). Intercambio comercial entre Ecuador y Perú se incrementa, destaca secretario general de la Comunidad Andina. LIma: CAN. Obtenido de https://www.comunidadandina.org/notas-de-prensa/intercambio-comercial-entre-ecuador-y-peru-se-incrementa-destaca-secretario-general-de-la-comunidad-andina/
CEPAL. (2015). Panorama de la Inserción Internacional de América Latina y el Caribe. Obtenido de https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/39010/S1501143_ es.pdf;jsessionid=2E9BEA73116DF98796A98343611F7FF3?sequence=4
Chena, P. I., & Noguera, D. M. (2020). Macroeconomic effects of global value chainsin the trade balance. Revista de economía mundial, 2020(54), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i54.3848
Feijoo, J., García, S., Tenelanda, D., & Pico, J. (2020). Balanza comercial y PIB en Ecuador. Revista venezolana de gerencia, 25(3-especial), 602–616. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-4621.
Fufa, G. (2022). Analysis Of The Determinants Of Relative Trade Balance In Ethiopia: Econometric Time Series Application. International Journal of 48 Information, Business and Management, 14(2), 9202.
Hernández, O. (01 de Septiembre de 2021). Aproximación a los distintos tipos de muestreo no probabilístico que existen. Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral, XXXVII(3). Obtenido de http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?pid=S0864- 21252021000300002&script=sci_arttext
Herrera, C. (2015). PROCESO DE INTEGRACIÓN DE AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE. Ciencias Sociales 158, 169-180.
Helmut, W. (2021). Analysis of the romanian trade balance in the context of covid19 pandemic. Annals of the, Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu, Economy Series, 4(1), 210–217.
Lazo, M. (2018). Retos y oportunidades de la integración centroamericana. Realidad: Revista De Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, (152), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.5377/realidad. v0i152.7790
Correa, R., Izquierdo, L., & García, D. (2020). Impacto del COVID-19 en Ecuador.
Banco Central del Ecuador. (2021). Evolución de la balanza comercial subgerencia de programación y regulación dirección nacional de síntesis macroeconómica.
Ferreira, E., Clécio, A., & Carvalho, P. (2022). Exchange Rate and Trade Balances in Brazil: A Disaggregated Analysis by Major Economic Categories. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 14(6), 62. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n6p62
Miranda Beltrán, S., & Ortiz Bernal, J. (2020). Los paradigmas de la investigación: un acercamiento teórico para reflexionar desde el campo de la investigación educativa. RIDE. Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo, 1-18.
Montaño, C. (2010). Ecuador y la integración: una revisión a la posición oficial. Foro Revista de Derecho, 89-92.
Rosell Medina, M. (2022). La paradoja de la integración latinoamericana. Advocatus, (42), 23-47. https://doi.org/10.26439/advocatus2022.n042.5741
Panezi, M. (2016). THE WTO AND THE SPAGHETTI BOWL OF FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FOUR PROPOSALS FOR MOVING FORWARD. Policy Brief 87, 3. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5711/571168607001/html/
Medina, A. (2017). Teorías de las Relaciones Internacionales. Revista de El Colegio de San Luis, 7(13), 265-284.
Ogundipe, A., & Ogundipe, O. (2018). Estimating the Long Run Effects of Exchange Rate Devaluation on the Trade Balance of Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 9(25), 233–249.
Quinapallo García, C.M., Méndez Encalada, E., Aguilar Echeverría, B. A., Benalcázar Hidalgo, G. S., & Macías Mendoza, L.F. (2022). Ecuador y su interés en la importación de láminas de caucho peruano. Pro Sciences: Revista de Producción, Ciencias e Investigación, 6(43), 355–366. https://doi.org/10.29018/ issn.2588-1000vol6iss43.2022pp355-366
QUINTANA, R. A., DONOSO, M. R., KUSACTAY, V. B., CHAGERBEN, W. M., & ESPINOZA, J. B. (2021). Introducción al Comercio Exterior. Liveworkingeditorial.com
Samaniego, P., Cristina Vallejo, M., & Martínez, J. (2015). Desequilibrios en la balanza comercial andina: ¿se ajustan biofísicamente? Revista Iberoamericana 49 de Economía Ecológica, 24, 163–185.
Santiago, D. (2018). Turismo sostenible y desarrollo: análisis del desarrollo turístico sostenible colombiano mediante el estudio de la efectividad de los programas de asistencia al desarrollo como modelos de ayuda a la sostenibilidad local (tesis de doctoral). Universitat de Girona. España.
Ramírez-Loayza, D. K., Castillo-Aguirre, M. M., & Za-mora-Campoverde, M. A. (2023). Evolución de los Arreglos Comerciales Preferencia-les Otorgados por Estados Unidos a Ecua-dor. Economía y Negocios, 14(1), 115-134 https://revistas.ute.edu.ec/index.php/economia-y-negocios/article/view/1072
Ramírez, l. (2009). «Las Relaciones Internacionales: una disciplina en constante movimiento», Ponencia presentada en las Jornadas del Área de Relaciones Internacionales de FLACSO Argentina.
Rivani, E. (2020). Trade Balance Surplus and Expecta-Tions for Economic Recovery in the Covid-19 Pandemic Time. Berkas.Dpr.Go.Id, 12(20), 19–24. https://berkas.dpr.go.id/puslit/files/info_singkat/Info Singkat-XII-20-II-P3DIOktober-2020-213-EN.pdf
Tamayo , A., Villamizar, D., Chacon, D., & Arenas, N. (2020). Oportunidades de negocios del mercado de frutas exóticas de Norte de Santander para los Emiratos Árabes Unidos. Visión Internacional, 2(1), 37–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.22463/27111121.2600
Tapia, M., Viera, F., & Chusan, J. (2022). Perspectiva histórica del tipo de cambio real y la Balanza comercial del Ecuador en la comunidad Andina. Dominio de Las Ciencias, 8(1), 859–870. https://www.dominiodelasciencias.com/ojs/index.php/es/article/view/2609/html %0Ahttps://www.dominiodelasciencias.com/ojs/index.php/es/article/view/2609/ xml%0Ahttps://www.dominiodelasciencias.com/ojs/index.php/es/article/view/2 609